Biography:

Dina Arisonaningtyas has completed her MPH from Post Graduated Program from Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Gadjah Mada University. She is currently working as a Practitioner, Head of Medical Services at Rumah Sehat Baznas Yogyakarta.

Abstract:

Measles is an infectious viral disease that can be prevented by vaccination. Indonesia has recently entered the elimination phase and has set the target to achieve the goal in 2020. Yogyakarta has implemented Case Based Measles Surveillance (CBMS) since 1998. Fidelity of the program may contribute to the outcome of these efforts regarding this issue.

This research used a mixed method exploratory sequential design conducted at 18 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) City of Yogyakarta from September to November 2017. Qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews among 12 respondents and the quantitative approach by a cross sectional survey among 33 respondents. We used secondary data to support the qualitative findings.

Health staff routinely adhered to the standard operating procedures but experienced a lack of funding support for follow up and did not have adequate staff for data analysis. Surveillance and immunization officers were not always making proper coordination during the outbreak. Most of epidemiologic investigations were performed after the peak of the cases. Quality of delivery of the CBMS program lacked in: timely delivery of measles report cases, coordination with private practice in case detection, and feedback to patients about laboratory result. Quality of delivery of the measles immunization program lacked in: timely delivery report, refreshing knowledge from District Health Office (DHO) annually, and coverage of booster measles immunization. Surveillance officer’s knowledge showed 46.7% was good and for immunization officer’s knowledge showed only 5.6% was good. There were a number of key aspects needing improvement.

Coordination between surveillance and immunization officers during outbreaks and performance of management duties are needed to address the complexity of measles intervention program implementation.

Biography:

Ngendahayo Kibingira is currently working as a Medical Doctor at Ruhango Provincial Hospital, Rwanda.

Abstract:

The health of a population is important from a public health and economic perspective as healthy individuals contribute to economic growth. Vaccination has the potential to contribute substantially to improving population health and thereby economic growth. Childhood vaccination programs in Africa can offer protection against important infectious diseases, thus preventing child fatalities and any serious temporary and permanent squeal that can occur. Healthy children are more able to participate in education, thus preparing them to become healthy and productive adults. Vaccination programmes can also prevent infectious diseases in adolescents, thus allowing them to continue their development towards a healthy adulthood. Protecting adults against infectious diseases ensures that they can fully contribute to productivity and economic development by avoiding sick leave and lower productivity. Vaccination in older adults will contribute to the promotion of healthy ageing, enabling them to assist their family with, for instance, childcare, and also help them avoid functional decline and the related impacts on health and welfare expenditure. Effective vaccination programmes for all ages in Africa will thus contribute to the health and economic strategies. Indeed, beyond their impact on healthcare resources and productivity, reductions in mortality and morbidity also contribute to increased consumption and gross domestic product. Therefore, assessment of the value of vaccines and vaccination needs to consider not just the direct impact on health and healthcare but also the wider impact on economic growth, which requires a macroeconomic analysis of vaccination programmes.

Biography:

Dr. Subramaniam was presented working on research work in ZIKV infection is of grave concern in pregnancy from Malaysia                                                                       

Abstract:

ZIKV infection is of grave concern in pregnancy, especially in South America. The infection causes microcephaly and other fetal defects in pregnancy. There is no ZIKV vaccine available at present. ZIKV infection is generally benign, causing mild or no symptoms. A single infection of ZIKV confers life-long immunity. Since the first case reported in1952, no report of infection twice in a person. This protects future pregnancies. It suggests two methods of infecting a person with live ZIKV. Artificially induced ZIKV infection in healthy volunteer had not caused any untoward effect. Live ZIKV inoculated to healthy adult and cause the infection. This model could be used in healthy premarital girls and cause the infection (after pregnancy test is negative) and avoid pregnancy for eight weeks after infection. Another suggestion is the transfusing of grouped and cross matched blood infected with ZIKV only (screened free of other infectious organisms) to the premarital girl (as mentioned above) including U.P.T., post-infection pregnancy prophylaxis. The newly infected girl is quarantined till declared free of the infection. Although ZIKV infection may result in Guillain Barres syndrome: this is remote: the chance is 24/100000. Maternal ZIKV infection may affect 20% of more of pregnancies. There is a small risk of GBS to mother but high risk to fetus avoided. The GBS risk in ZIKV infection is much less compared to that caused by ‘common flu’. The above two procedures may be cost intensive but may be cheaper than common procedures like MRI or one month treatment of AIDS.

Biography:

More than 25years research experience in the field of leishmaniasis to reveal the resistant isolates demography, their role in protective cytokine diversion, control of parasitic anemia in visceral leishmaniasis as well as identification of phytopharmaceutical anti-leishmanial candidate and also to identify the candidate for vector based vaccine development against leishmaniasis.

Abstract:

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by protozoan species of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted through bites from the Phlebotomus sand fly; it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in many parts of world, including India. Reports on the protective role played by saliva proteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis, Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi are available. However, no studies have explored the salivary proteins of P. argentipes, which is the known proven vector for the transmission of VL in the Indian sub-continent. Herein we revealed the presence of two proteins of 14.2 and one protein of 13.6 kDa in Indian strain P. argentipes which is absolute identical to previously reported protein of SP15 family (PagSP01, PagSP02 and PagSP07) of P. argentipes of NIH colony, USA. In an experimental study on P. argentipes from Bihar, India, we demonstrated that a strong humoral and cellular immune response was triggered to reduce the concomitant Leishmania load in groups of immunized mice. The immunized group produced a considerable amount of IgG antibodies and their splenocytes generated TH1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ) with the support of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity in such mice at the challenged site. We summarize from our data that some identical proteins to previous from SP15 family protein of 14.2 and 13.6 kDa molecular size, derived from Indian P. argentipes and reported its first time, can also be significant in resolution of VL infection after modulation of host protective T cell response in VL.

Biography:

Mohammad Mostafa Pourseif has completed his PhD from University of Tabriz, Iran. He is currently a Member of Bioinformatics and Vaccine Research Team in RCPN.

Abstract:

Staphylococcus aureus as a most dangerous human pathogen possesses a rich repository of antigenic proteins that can engender strong immune responses in the host body. Unfortunately, current treatments are often improper due to many reasons such as multi-drug resistance issue. Hereby, the modalities like vaccinology especially through systems biology methods can potentially be considered as novel method in combat against S. aureus. In this study, we aimed to analyze the proteome data of S. aureus using the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network to discover the potential vaccine candidate antigens that can be applied in vaccine designing against S. aureus. We obtained the proteome data of S. aureus from UniProt database and all were imported to Excel. The proteins were then applied in the STRING server for construction of the PPI network. Afterward, this data was imported to the Cytoscape v3.6.1. The hub proteins that have the main function in the bacterium life cycle were then identified through the plugins of Cytoscape. The tope 50 hub proteins were analyzed in DAVID web-server and for the biological process, molecular function and cellular component. The PPI network was composed of 1026 nodes. The final high score hub proteins with extracellular localization including, accessory Sec system protein translocase subunit SecD, enolase (eno), Clumping factor A, Elastin-binding protein Ebps, and membrane protein insertase Yidc were identified. Of these, enolase and ClfA were previously identified for vaccinology against S. aureus. However, Yidc, SecD and EbpS are reported for the first time in our study as the potential antigens for vaccinology against S. aureus. This study showed we can switch from partial to holistic paradigms to analyze the complex pathogens such S. aureus by using systems vaccinology approaches and based on their proteome data.

Biography:

Aychiluhim Damtew Mitiku has completed his Postgraduation in Public Health from University of Gondar.

Abstract:

Though the national coverage of high impact cost effective interventions has been improved, still gaps are remained within regions and even districts and communities due to geographical inaccessibility and other social determinants. From Jan 1^st to Sep 30^th, 2018 integrated periodic outreach service was implemented in six woredas of SNNP, Oromia and Amhara regions and a total of 1,201 children were received different vaccines, 353 treated for diarrhea and pneumonia, 542 febrile patients were tested with RDT for malaria and 40% of them were positive and provided antimalaria drugs. In addition, 10,086 children and 1,038 pregnant and lactating women were screened for malnutrition, 11,203 children received vitamin A supplementation and 8,628 of them were dewormed. Furthermore, 422 mothers were received ANC1, TT2 vaccination and supplemented iron foliate. To ensure sustainability the project enhancing the capacity of managers and health workers on planning and management of resources, ensuring availability of vaccines and RMNCH-N supplies, strengthening the linkage between health centers and HPs through mentoring and coaching and enhancing use of data for decision making at lowest administrative level. The intervention created an opportunity to provide integrated and evidence based maternal and child survival interventions. Social mobilization activities are also enhanced to utilize health services and strengthen community-based surveillance to identify, report and respond public health important diseases and events. Considering the above advantages, it should be strengthened and scaled up to other hard to reach districts and communities to ensure equity and universal health coverage.

Biography:

Teketay Wassie has completed his MSc from Bahirdar University, Ethiopia. He has served as a Lecturer at Assosa University, Ethiopia. He is a PhD fellow at Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. He has published more than eight papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Kisspeptin, a peptide product of KISS1 gene, recently identified as essential upstream gatekeeper in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis. This study was designed to investigate the effect of immunization against kisspeptin-54 on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular signaling pathway. A total of 10 intact 56-days-old ram lambs were used and randomized into the treatment and control groups, which were, respectively immunized by kisspeptin-54 based vaccine and the empty plasmid via intramuscular route. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time PCR was employed to characterize the difference in serum kisspeptin, luteinizing hormone, testosterone hormone concentration and mRNA expression of reproductive-related genes in HPG axis across kisspeptin-54 immunized and control ram lambs. Serum kisspeptin, luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentration in the treatment group was lower (p<0.05) than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of the hypothalamic Androgen Receptor (AR), KISS1, G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPR54) and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) was altered in the immunized group (p<0.05). Moreover, mRNA expression of pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Beta (LHβ), Follicle Stimulating Hormone Beta (FSHβ) and GnRH receptor as well as, testicular LH receptor and FSH receptor, were remarkably lower (P<0.05) in the treatment group. It was concluded that immunization against kisspeptin-54 reduced serum kisspeptin levels thereby, the normal hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular signaling pathway disrupted. This data provides a great insight for the use of kisspeptin to regulate reproduction.